I just revisited the best codec for game, video and screen recording faq page.
I think it may be a bit outdated and could use an update.

I wanted to have an overview myself and recorded a spinning cube for one minute for comparison.
I tried the default codecs under the following conditions:
AVI 100% quality, 1920x1080@60FPS

• NVENC(VBR): 60,9 MB / min
  H.264-CPU: 90,5 MB / min
  Xvid(VBR): 223 MB / min
  MPEG-1: 105 MB / min
  Motion-JPEG: 458 MB / min
  YV12: 9,03 GB / min
  RGB24: 9,72 GB / min
  
  PCM: 20,8 MB / min
  MPEG-1 L2@384kbps: 5,7 MB / min
  MPEG-1 L2@192kbps: 2,9 MB / min

MP4 100% quality, 1920x1080@60FPS

• HEVC(NVENC): 56 MB / min
  H.264 (NVENC): 60,9 MB / min
  H.264 (CPU): 90,4 MB / min
  MPEG-4: 222 MB / min
  
  AAC: 1,5 MB / min

When reviewing the footage, I didn't experience any major quality differences, except for YV12 and RGB24, which had notable stuttering (not only due to playback issues), I'm guessing my HDD couldn't keep up. Also RGB24 was the only codec which captured the color correctly, all other codecs had a slightly darker color.